Archaebacteria
Evolutionary
Milestones
Archaebacteria have no evolutionary milestones since they are the beginning of the phylogenetic tree.
Habitat
Archaebacteria are extremophiles, meaning they live in extreme temperature and resources. They especially love high temperatures (such as thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean), low temperatures (such as ice), high salt content, and high pressure. They are the most abundant.
Anatomical/Structural Features
Archaebacteria have a cell wall, flagella (for movement), ribosomes (for protein synthesis), pili for reproduction, plasmids (circular DNA), and chromosomes. They have no nucleus; instead, they have a nucleoid region. They are unicellular and prokaryotic.
Their cell walls have no peptidoglycan.
Cocci bacteria are spheres and occur in strains, bacilli bacteria are rod shaped, and spirilla bacteria are spiral shaped.
Symmetry
Archaebacteria have no symmetry.
How They Acquire Nutrients
Some Archaebacteria are heterotrophic (get food from another source) and some are autotrophic (make their own food). They can be chemotrophs, which means they make their own food from chemicals around them.
What They Eat
If their own food, archaebacteria can eat hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.
What Eats Them
Archaebacteria can be eaten by fungi and other bacteria.
Mobility
Archaebacteria use flagella, a whip-like projection, to move.
Reproduction
Archaebacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission. Binary fission is where the circular DNA is copied and the cell divide with each cell having an identical copy of DNA.
Archaebacteria have an adaption where there can undergo conjugation. Conjugation is the process of exchanging genetic information via cell-to-cell contact. The cells attach by their pili, which bridges the cells' cytoplasms to each other, so that DNA is transferred. Conjugation could enhance the cell's survival because the new DNA mutates to resist antibiotics.
Development
There are four main factors that can influence growth: temperature, oxygen, pH, and energy source. Thermophiles like temperature between 80 - 110 C, mesophiles like 20 - 50 C, and phychrophiles like -5 - 20 C. Anaerobic bacteria cannot tolerate living with oxygen while aerobic bacteria cannot exist without oxygen.
Examples
Some examples of Archaebacteria include Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
Archaebacteria have no evolutionary milestones since they are the beginning of the phylogenetic tree.
Habitat
Archaebacteria are extremophiles, meaning they live in extreme temperature and resources. They especially love high temperatures (such as thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean), low temperatures (such as ice), high salt content, and high pressure. They are the most abundant.
Anatomical/Structural Features
Archaebacteria have a cell wall, flagella (for movement), ribosomes (for protein synthesis), pili for reproduction, plasmids (circular DNA), and chromosomes. They have no nucleus; instead, they have a nucleoid region. They are unicellular and prokaryotic.
Their cell walls have no peptidoglycan.
Cocci bacteria are spheres and occur in strains, bacilli bacteria are rod shaped, and spirilla bacteria are spiral shaped.
Symmetry
Archaebacteria have no symmetry.
How They Acquire Nutrients
Some Archaebacteria are heterotrophic (get food from another source) and some are autotrophic (make their own food). They can be chemotrophs, which means they make their own food from chemicals around them.
What They Eat
If their own food, archaebacteria can eat hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.
What Eats Them
Archaebacteria can be eaten by fungi and other bacteria.
Mobility
Archaebacteria use flagella, a whip-like projection, to move.
Reproduction
Archaebacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission. Binary fission is where the circular DNA is copied and the cell divide with each cell having an identical copy of DNA.
Archaebacteria have an adaption where there can undergo conjugation. Conjugation is the process of exchanging genetic information via cell-to-cell contact. The cells attach by their pili, which bridges the cells' cytoplasms to each other, so that DNA is transferred. Conjugation could enhance the cell's survival because the new DNA mutates to resist antibiotics.
Development
There are four main factors that can influence growth: temperature, oxygen, pH, and energy source. Thermophiles like temperature between 80 - 110 C, mesophiles like 20 - 50 C, and phychrophiles like -5 - 20 C. Anaerobic bacteria cannot tolerate living with oxygen while aerobic bacteria cannot exist without oxygen.
Examples
Some examples of Archaebacteria include Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.